Russia’s invasion of Ukraine came in February this year which prompted the United States and other Western countries to impose sanctions on the former. Being a dominant player in the world crude oil production and export, and also a member of the expanded Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC+), the economic sanctions disrupted crude oil supply to the world and hampered factory activities in energy-deficient Europe. In the pre-Russia-Ukraine war era, several countries in Europe were fully reliant on energy supply from Russia.
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